Simultaneous measurement by electrochemical measurement and waveguide spectrum measurement
Simultaneous measurement with electrochemical measurement is one of the application fields to which optical waveguide spectroscopy is applied. Since the UV/Vis spectrum represents the electronic state of the molecule, it is convenient for visualizing the redox state of the molecule, and it has an advantage that the response from the spectrum that is not affected by the increase or decrease of the current value due to the scan rate of the electrochemical measurement can be obtained.
There is also an example of observing the electrochemical response of living microorganism with spectra.
By coating the ITO transparent electrode on the waveguide and performing the optical waveguide measurement, the response on the electrode surface can be directly observed. The geometry of the electrochemical cell used for the waveguide is shown below. (Fig.7)
Fig6. Electrochemical measurement in waveguide spectroscopy. Electrochemical cell and electrode arrangement.
Fig7. Changes in waveguide spectrum date due to cyclic voltammetry, CV measurement of methylene blue
The redox response can be traced from the spectrum in real time, and the spectrum also shows that methylene blue molecules form aggregates and are adsorbed on the electrode surface.
6．“Electron Transfer Process of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Modified Cytochrome c in Imidazolium Type Ionic Liquid” Hiroyuki Ohno, Chiiko Suzuki, Kenta Fukumoto, Masahiro Yoshizawa and Kyoko Fujita, Chem. Lett., 32, 5, 450 (2003).
7. “Redox reaction of PEO modified cytochrome c adsorbed on the electrode in ion conductive PEO matrix analyzed with non-contact optical waveguide spectroscopy” Kyoko Fujita and Hiroyuki Ohono, Polym. Adv. Technol., 14-7, 486 (2003).
8. “Electrochemical Doping of Protonated Meso-tetrakis (sulfothienyl) Porphyrin J-aggregates” Yonbon Arai, Takaki Nedachi, Jotaro Nakazaki and Hiroshi Segawa, 2004 Joint Inter National Meeting proceedings, (2004).
9. “Non-contact Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy: in-situ spectral analysis of cytochrome c immobilized on mixed SAM modified gold electrode” Mirei Araki, Kyoko Fujita and Hiroyuki Ohno, 2004 Joint Inter National Meeting proceedings, (2004). “Controlled Photoisomerization of Azobenzene Chromophores in the Nucleoamphiphile Monolayers by Base-pairing with Template DNA” Kuniharu Ijiro, Jin Matsumoto, Mitsuhiko Morisue and Masatsugu Shimomura, Asia Nano 2002 proceedings, 125 (2002).
10．“Molecular orientation of azobenzene chromophores in ultrathin polymer nanosheets studied by attenuated total reflection spectroscopy” Masaya Mitsuishi, Tomohiro Tanuma, Jun Matsui, Tokuji Miyashita, Talanta, 65, 1091 (2005).
11. “Electron Transfer Reaction of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Modified cyt.c in 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide” Kyoko Fujita, Chiiko Suzuki and Hiroyuki Ohno, 2004 Joint Inter National Meeting proceedings, (2004).
12. “Development of a novel electrochemical cell for slab optical waveguide spectroscopy for in situ observation of methylene blue and anions on an electrode/electrolyte interface” Kouji Takahashi, Motoko Koitabashi, Fumiyo Kusu, Talanta, 65, 1120 (2005).
13. “In situ observation of ferroin/ferrin during electrolysis on ITO by slab optical waveguide spectroscopy” K. Takahashi, K. Fumiyo, Pacifichem 2005, Abstract Central, (2005).
14. “Dynamic analysis of electron transfer reaction of cytochrome c immobilized on SAM modified gold electrode with non-contact optical waveguide spectroscopy” K. Tamura, M. Araki, H. Ohno, Pacifichem 2005, Abstract Central, (2005).
15. “Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy (Chapter7.) / Electrochemical Aspect of Ionic Liquids” kyoko Fujita and Hiroyuki Ohno, edit by Hiroyuki Ohno, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN:9780471648512, (2005).
16. “In Situ Observation of Ferroin and Ferriin in Vicinity of ITO Electrode Surface by Slab Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy” Kouji Takahashi, and Fumiyo Kusu, Electrochemistry, 74, 2, 192 (2006).
17. “Soubility of Cytochrome c in to Ionic Liquids and Redox Response at High Temperature” K. Tamura and H. Ohno, 2nd International Congress on Ionic Liquides (COIL-2) proceedings, 306 (2007).
18. “Spectroscopic Analysis Native Cytochrome c in Dry Ionic Liquids” K. Tamura, H. Ohno, Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Polymers for Advanced technologies, 157 (2007).
19. “Real time measurement of concentration ratio at an electrode/solution interface by calculating the inverse Laplace transform of SOWG spectroscopy” Koji Takahashi and Fumiyo Kusu, J. Electroanal. Chem., 628, 1-2, 1 (2009).
20. “Electronic Absorption Spectra and Redox Properties of C type Cytochromes in Living Microbes” Ryuhei Nakamura, Kazuyuki Ishii, Kazuhito Hashimoto, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 121, 9, 1634 (2009).
21. “In Situ Observation of Reductive Deposition of Uranium on an Electrode/Electrolyte Interface by Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy” Takuya Nankawa, Yoshinori Suzuki, Toshihiko Ohnuki, Chem. Lett. 38, 11, 1090 (2009).
22. “In vivo Electrochemistry of C-type Cytochrome-Mediate Electron-Transfer with Chemical Marking” Akihiro Okamoto, Ryuhei Nakamura, Kazuyuki Ishii, Kazuhuito Hashimoto, Chem. Bio Chem., 10- 14, 2329 (2009).
23. “Observation of In Vivo Cytochrome-Based Electron-Transport Dynamics Using Time-Resolved Enhancement Evanescent Wave Electroabsorption Spectroscopy” Toshihiko Shibanuma, Ryuhei Nakamura, Yuichiro Hirakawa, Kazuhito Hashimoto, Kazuyuki Ishii, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 50-39, 9137 (2011).
24. “Cytochrome c dissolved in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride type ionic liquid undergoes a quasi-reversible redox reaction up to 140ºC” Kaori Tamura, Nobufumi Nakamura, Ohno Hiroyuki, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 109-3, 273 (2011).
25. “Spectroelectrochemical Investigation on Biological Electron Transfer Associated with Anode Performance in Microbial Fuel Cells / RECENT TREND IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY” Okamoto Akihiro, Hashimoto Kazuhito and Nakamura Ryuhei, edit by Ujjal Kumar Sur, InTech, ISBN978-953-307-830-4, chapter 9, 207-222 (2012).
26. “Observation of oriented molecular assemblies on ITO surfaces using porphyrin derivatives bearing carboxyl groups and their electrochemical responses” Katsuhiko Kanaizuka, Shigeta Yagyu, Hiromi Takahashi, Manabu Ishizaki, Masatomi Sakamoto, Masato Kurihara, Electrochemistry, 80-7, 504 (2012).